Day 14 - Background Effects!

What BG Effects?

	Well, like yesterday, we will cover the following: Mosaic, and rotation and 
scaling. With rotation, however, I don't cover SIN() and COS(), so we'll just discuss
where and what to put in the rotational/scaling data and leave you to figure the rest out.

Mosaic

	The Mosaic Register is at 0x400004C. The register is 16bits, 
bits#0-3 are vertical mosaic and
bits#7-4 are horizontal mosaic. Mosaic, if you didn't know already, makes your background
look blocky. The other bits are for the sprites. Other than setting REG_MOSAIC, we
also need to tell the BG's CNT register that we want to MOSAIC (bit#6).
Here's some code assuming you already have a BG displayed:

;set the mosaic register
ldr r4,=REG_MOSAIC
ldr r3,=0x0012  ; 1 for horizontal, 2 for vertical, none for sprites.
str r3,[r4]   ; store it.

ldr r2,=REG_BG2CNT  ; BG 2 , if you're using a different BG, change the number!
ldr r3,[r2] ; load r3 from memory, [] in a load statement mean "from memory".
; the above will load r3 with Attribute 0 and Attribute 1. both because CPU registers are 32bit
; and OAM attributes are 16bit.
eor r3,r3,BG_MOSAIC_ENABLE   ; XORs r3 with BG_MOSAIC_ENABLE and puts the value in r3.
; EOR and XOR are the same, just remember that the asm instruction is called EOR.
str r3,[r2]  ; store the modified Control values back.

And boom! You get a MOSAICaded background.

*I think it's obvious that this is Day 13, just edited to work with BGs.*

Rotation (Insert triumphant melody here!)

	I hope you've atleast read Day 4 of the C tutorial at ThePernProject.COM
because if you haven't, this is going to be aLOT harder. Go read it now.
...
...
Go read it again. :)
...
...
	Think you understand? If you don't it's ok, because I'm going to try to
explain it anyway.

	Even though there are 4 registers, we are just going to stuff them and only store
into PA and PC. We just need to store the rotation values and boom, the BG rotates. Note
that the BG rotates sometimes out of sight so if you have a 
mostly black BG, you might loose sight of it.

(Note that I explain only Rotation Backgrounds (obviously).)

REG_BGxPA needs to be the COSine of the angle.
REG_BGxPB needs to be the SINe of the angle.
REG_BGxPC needs to be the NEGATIVE SINe of the angle.
REG_BGxPD needs to be the COSine of the angle.

Notice that the basic equation is the same as for sprites.
There's more, as in setting the center of rotation and scaling, this (if I figure it out)
will be written about in Day 14.5 or otherwise known as Day 14 - Night-Time.

Let's Get Coding!

	We will base this code on Day 9's code. So if you don't have it, go through
Day 9 again. It always helps reading something more than once anyway. So insert
this code between the last line of code and the label 'infin' or whatever I used that
time as the infinite loop label:

;;--- CODE START ---;;
ldr r1,=70<<16|70
ldr r2,=REG_BG2PA         ; this will put 70 into both PA and PB.
str r1,[r2]

ldr r1,=70<<16  ;
ldr r3,=0             ; this code 
sub r3,r3,70          ; does stuffing of r3 with PC AND PD
mov r3,r3,lsl 16      ; r3 is a neg. num. so we need to get it
mov r3,r3,lsr 16      ; in the lowbits of the register (70 is in
orr r3,r3,r1          ; the highbits. OR together and store in PC
ldr r2,=REG_BG2PC     ; because they're all 16bits, this will spill into PD.
str r3,[r2]
;;--- CODE STOP/STOP COPYING ---;;

This is pretty much the same as sprites except we don't need to tell REG_BGxCNT that
we want rotation, we just give values and it rotates.

Insert, assemble and run! I hope you get it. I think we'll discuss bit masking/toggling
tomorrow, then scrolling BGs.

Day In Review

	If the code doesn't work, please tell me. I don't think I fully tested
some of the stuff. Hope you like! :). Also, if anyone has info on why my rotates
always scale by 4 (I didn't want them too!), I'd appreciate it if you told me why
they do that.

	Happy coding!,
		-Mike H a.k.a GbaGuy

Intro - Day 15